False FriendA word that appears to be a cognate of a word in
another language but is not; the Spanish word “embarazada” means pregnant and is, therefore, a false friend of the
English word “embarrassed.” |
FluencyFluency is the ability to produce rapid, flowing, natural speech, without concern for grammatical correctness. |
Free MorphemeA morpheme that can stand on its own and have meaning. |
Grammar Translation MethodThis method was used a long time ago in the
teaching of Latin. The method focuses on translating grammatical forms and
learning rules. Its focus is on accuracy and not fluency. |
Grammatical FormThe written or spoken pattern of the grammatical
structure. For example, the form of the present continuous is subject + am/is/are + verb-ing (“Anna is singing”). |
Grammatical MeaningThe semantic meaning of a grammar structure. For
example, the sentence “Anna is singing” includes the present continuous, which
communicates that the action started before now and is occurring at the present moment. |
Grammatical UseThe pragmatic use of a grammatical structure.
For example, one common use of present continuous is the description of a
photograph or drawing: “In this picture, the kids are playing a game of soccer.
It is raining.” |
Graphic OrganizersClassroom visual aids including tables, Venn
diagrams, charts, timelines, and any graphic representation of a relationship
between a set of ideas. |
Holistic scoringA scoring procedure typically used in writing
assessment in which the reader reacts to the student’s composition as a whole. A
single score is awarded to the writing. |
IdiomA group of words that, via usage, has
established a special meaning apart from the individual words within; the idiom
“let the cat out of the bag” has nothing to do with feline animals being
released from captivity, but rather means “to reveal a secret.” |